עָבַר (b. h.) 1) to be thick, swell; to run over. Par. VI, 4 כדי שׁיַעַבְרוּ המים וכ׳ that the water may overflow into a vessel; a. e.—Ex. R. s. 15 שאני עוֹבֵר, v. עֶבְרָה. —2) (cmp. סְגֵי I a. II) to pass, to cross. Tosef. Sot. VIII, 1; Sot. 33ᵇ כיצד עָבְרוּ ישראל את וכ׳ in what manner did the Israelites cross the Jordan? Cant. R. to V, 13 עוֹבֵר הוא וחוזר וכ׳ he goes over his studies once and again &c.; a. fr.—ע׳ את הדין to cross the line of justice, to be too severe. Midd. II, 2 כאילו עברו עליו וכ׳ as if they had treated him too severely (arbitrarily). Ex. R. s. 30 כשם שאני יכול לַעֲבוֹר … ואני איני מַעֲבִיר וכ׳ as I (the Lord) have power to treat the nations with rigor, but refrain from doing so, so shall you not go beyond the line of justice. Ib. עִיבְּרָה את הדין (Pi.); a. e. —3) (with על) to pass over (a sin); to forgive. Cant. R. to V, 5 (play on מור עובר, ib.) מר עובר ע׳ על מררי the bitterness passes away, he (the Lord) passes over my bitterness (sin). R. Hash. 17ᵃ (ref. to Mic. VII, 18) למי נושא עון למי שעובר על פשע whose iniquity does he pardon? the iniquity of him who forgives (his neighbor’s) transgression; a. e. —4) to transgress, sin. Yoma 86ᵇ, a. e. כיון שע׳ אדם עבירה ושנה וכ׳ as soon as a man has committed a sin and repeated it, it becomes to him a permitted act. Ib. 86ᵃ, a. e. ע׳ על עשה when one has transgressed a positive law (committed a sin of omission). Ib. ע׳ על כריתות וכ׳ when one has committed sins punishable with extinction or death by a court. Erub. 100ᵃ, a. fr. עובר על בל וכ׳, v. בַּל. Keth. VII, 6 העוֹבֶרֶת על דת וכ׳ if a wife offends against Mosaic or Jewish customs, v. דַּת; Y. ib. VII, 31ᶜ top נשים המְעַבְּרוֹת על הדת (Pi.); a. v. fr. —5) to pass, overtake, precede. Pes. 7ᵇ כל המצות מברך עליהן עובר לעשייתן in the performance of all religious ceremonies one must say the benediction over them before doing them; מאי משמע דהאי עובר לישנא דאקדומי היא what evidence is there that this ‘ober has the meaning of precedence? Answ. by ref. to ויעבר (II Sam. XVIII, 23) ‘and he arrived before the Cushite’. —6) to pass by, go away, be removed. Pes. III, 1 אלו עוֹבְרִין בפסח the following things must pass away (their use must be suspended) during Passover. Bets. 26ᵃ, a. fr. מום עובר a transitory blemish, opp. קבוע. Ber. 26ᵃ ע׳ יומו בטל קרבנו when its day is passed, the sacrifice of the day is void. Pes. II, 2 חמץ … שע׳ עליו הפסח leavened matter … over which Passover has passed (which had been in the house during Passover). Ber. IX, 3 הצועק לַשֶּׁעָבַר וכ׳ praying for what is passed (decided) is a vain prayer, e.g. if one’s wife is with child, and one prays, may it be the will of God that my wife bear a male child; Y. Taan. II, 65ᶜ bot. נותן הודייה לשעבר וצועק וכ׳ one gives thanks for what is passed, and prays for what is to come. Gitt. VII, 7 כל זמן שאֱעֶבוֹר מכנגד פניך וכ׳ as soon as I shall have been out of thy sight for thirty days; Tosef. ib. VII (V), 10. Keth. 17ᵃ ע׳ מלפני כלה he passed aside to make room for a bridal procession. Yoma 66ᵃ, a. e. חטאת שעָבְרָה שנתה a sin-offering whose year is passed (that is older than one year); Tem. 22ᵃ שעִיבְּרָה שנתה (Pi.) whose year is completed (v. infra). Ib. 21ᵇ בכור שעברה שנתו a first-born animal older than one year; R. Hash. 5ᵇ; Zeb. 29ᵃ bot. שעיברה; Tosef. Snh. III, 6 בכור שעיברה זמנו ed. Zuck. (read with Var.: שעבר). Keth. 87ᵃ על שֶׁעָ׳ as regards the past, v. עָתִיד; a. v. fr.—לַשֶּׁעָ׳ in former days. Gen. R. s. 47, opp. עַכְשָׁיו; a. fr.
    Hif. - הֶעֱבִיר 1) to lead past, stroke gently. Tosef. Sabb. VII (VIII), 23 [read:] מַעֲבִירִין על גבי העין בשבת you are permitted to stroke a sore eye on the Sabbath; Y. ib. XIV, 14ᶜ bot. מעבירין על העין. Ib. הֶעֱבִירוּ עליו כלים they passed garments over it. —2) to cause to pass; to remove, displace. Keth. 17ᵃ מַעֲבִירִין את המת מלפני כלה וכ׳ a funeral procession is made to make way for a bridal procession, and both of them for the king, v. supra. Gitt. 57ᵇ שאין אנו מעבירין אותו באל אחר that we shall never displace him for another god; שאין מַעֲבִיר אותנו וכ׳ that he will never displace us for another nation. Ex. R. s. 30 כאילו היא מעביר איקינין וכ׳ as if he removed (defaced) the king’s portrait; a. fr. —3) to go beyond. Ib. איני מעביר וכ׳, v. supra. Ib. הבריות מעבירין על הדין וכ׳ men go beyond the line of justice (are treacherous, cruel), and they are punished; a. e. —4) to skip over; to forego, postpone.—ה׳ על מדותיו, v. מִדָּה.—Yoma 33ᵃ; 58ᵇ, a. fr. אין מעבירין על המצות you must not forego the occasion for performing a religious act. Erub. 64ᵇ אין מעבירין על האוכלין you must not pass by eatables (and let them lie in the street); B. Mets. 23ᵃ; a. fr. —5) to forego, overlook, pardon. R. Hash. 17ᵃ (ref. to Mic. VII, 18) מעביר ראשון ראשין וכך היא המדה (Ms. M. על ראשון וכ׳; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he pardons one sin after the other (before they are put on the scale), and such is the divine dealing. Ib. מעבירין לו על כל פשעיו all his transgressions are pardoned; a. fr. —6) to cause to forego or disregard. Erub. 41ᵇ שלשה דברים מעבירין … על וכ׳ three things make a man disregard his own sense (of right) and the sense of his Maker; a. e.
    Pi. - עִיבֵּר 1) to be completed, full. Tem. 22ᵃ, a. e., v. supra. —2) to transgress repeatedly. Y. Keth. VII, 31ᶜ top, v. supra. —3) to go beyond. Ex. R. l. c. עיברה את הדין, v. supra. [Tosef. B. Kam. VI, 22 שעיברה הדליקה עד, read with Y. ib. VII, 5ᶜ. שעברה … את.] —4) (v. עוּבָּר) to carry, be with young. Kidd. 31ᵇ כי עִבַּרְתּוֹ אמו וכ׳ while his mother was pregnant with him, his father died. Tosef. B. Kam. X, 1 ועִיבְּרָה אצלו (B. Kam. IX, 1 ונִתְעַבְּרָה) and the cow became pregnant while she was in his possession. Ḥull. 58ᵃ; a. fr.—Part. pass. f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת; pl. מְעוּבָּרוֹת pregnant. Yeb. XVI, 1. Ib. 36ᵇ, a. e. מע׳ חבירו a woman who is with child of another man (divorced or widowed during pregnancy). Gen. R. s. 85 מלכים אני מע׳ גואלים אני מע׳ I am pregnant with kings, with redeemers (kings and redeemers are destined to be of my offspring). Yeb. III, 10; a. fr.—4) (v. עִיבּוּר) to extend the city limits, for the purpose of defining Sabbath distances, in cases of buildings projecting beyond the city lines (outskirts). Erub. V, 1 כיצד מְעַבְּרִין וכ׳ (v. אָבַר), defined ib. 53ᵃ; Y. ib. V, beg. 22ᵇ; Y. Ber. VII, 12ᶜ top כאשה עוברה like a pregnant woman; Tosef. Ber. VI (V), 1; a. e.—6) to complement, add to, esp. to intercalate a month, (second Adar); proclaim a leap year; to complement a month (v. מָלֵא) by assigning to it an additional day (thirty days). Tosef. Snh. II, 1 שנים אומרים צריכה לְעַבֵּר if two judges say, it is necessary to intercalate a month. Ib. 2 על שלשה סימנים מעברין וכ׳ on three indications the intercalation is decided; על שנים מעברין וכ׳ when two of them exist, the intercalation is decreed. Ib. ואם עִיבְּרוּהָ הרי זו מעוברת but if they proclaimed it a leap-year, it remains a leap-year; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְעוּבָּר; f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת. R. Hash. 19ᵇ אלול מע׳ an Elul of thirty days. Snh. 11ᵇ אינה מע׳ the year is not a leap-year (the declared intercalation is invalid); a. fr.
    Hithpa. - הִתְעַבֵּר,
    Nithpa. - נִתְעַבֵּר 1) to swell (with anger), to become wroth. Sifré Num. 135 (expl. ויתעבר, Deut. III, 26) כאדם שאומר נ׳ בי פלוני נתמלא וכ׳ as a man says, that man (became full) got wroth with me, meaning, he was filled with wrath against me; Yalk. Deut. 818; Sifré Deut. 29 כאשה שאינה יכולה לשוח מפני עוברה (swelled,) like a woman that cannot bend down on account of the child she is pregnant with; v. עֶבְרָה. —2) to become pregnant. Gen. R. s. 45 מביאה … נִתְעַבְּרָה she conceived on her first intercourse; אין אשה מִתְעַבֶּרֶת וכ׳ no woman conceives on &c.; Yeb. 34ᵃ. Ib. 34ᵇ כדי שלא תִתְעַבֵּר וכ׳ that she may not become with child, and her beauty &c., v. כָּחַשׁ. B. Kam. IX, 1 ונתעברה אצלו, v. supra; a. fr. —3) to be extended, to be consolidated into one township. Y. Erub. V, 22ᵇ bot. יכול אני … בית מעון מתעברת וכ׳ I can cause Beth Ma‘on and Tiberias to be considered one township (as regards Sabbath distances). —4) to be added to, to be proclaimed a full month (of thirty days), a leap-year (of thirteen months). Y. R. Hash. III, beg. 58ᶜ ניסן לא נ׳ מימיו Nisan was never made a full month (by decree of the court); Y. Shebi. X, beg. 39ᵇ; a. e.—Snh. 12ᵃ ראויה … שתִּתְעַבֵּר that year ought to have been a leap-year. B. Mets. נִתְעַבְּרָה השנה נתע׳ לשוכר if the year was made a leap-year, the tenant (that rented by the year) reaps the benefit of the intercalation. R. Hash. 19ᵇ; a. fr.
    Nif. - נֶעֱבַר (with עֲבֵרָה) to be committed. Tosef. B. Kam. X, 3 בהמה ונֶעֶבְרָה בה עבירה if one stole a beast, and some sinful act was committed on it (by which it became forbidden for any benefit); (B. Kam. IX, 2, a. fr. נעבדה … עבירה).