שִׁעְבֵּד (Shafel of עָבַד) 1) to subject, subjugate, surrender; to obligate, pledge. Gen. R. s. 44 (ref. to Gen. XV, 13) ידוע שאני מְשׁעְבְּדָן וכ׳ ‘knowing’ means that I will surrender them as slaves, ‘thou shalt know’, that I will redeem them. Pesik. R. s. 15 לא כך … שהוא מְשַׁעְבְּדֵינוּ בשבעים וכ׳ has not the Lord said, that he will make us the subjects of seventy nations? Ib. [read:] גותי אחד בא ומְשַׁעְבֵּד באחד ממנו כגון שׁשִׁיעְבְּדָה כל אומתו one Goth comes and enslaves one of us, that is as much as if she (Rome) had enslaved all of us; Cant. R. to II, 8. Gen. R. s. 85 (ref. to Is. LXVI, 7) קודם … מְשַׁעְבֵּד ראשון וכ׳ before yet the first oppressor (of Israel) was born, the last redeemer was born. R. Hash. III, 8 (ref. to Num. XXI, 8) בזמן … ומְשַׁעְבְּדִין את לבם לאביהם וכ׳ when the Israelites looked upward and pledged their hearts to their Father in heaven, they were healed; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְשׁוּעְבָּד; pl. מְשׁוּעְבָּדִים, מְשׁוּעְבָּדִין. Num. R. s. 5⁸ שלא … אלא מש׳ לפני הארון they were not haughty, but bore themselves like servants before the Ark. Y. Ḥag. III, 79ᵇ שיהא הכל מש׳ להלכה so that everything be made subject to the law; a. e.—נכסים מש׳, or משועבדין (sub. נכסים) mortgaged property, i.e. property bought from a person who owes a debt collectible from his landed estate in whatever hands it may be, opp. בני חורין property in the hands of the debtor. B. Mets. 13ᵇ. Gitt. 50ᵇ; a. fr. —2) to vex, persecute, attempt to destroy. Ex. R. s. 22 נראה … מְשַׁעְבְּדִין את ישראל בדבר וכ׳ (not על ישראל) let us see how we can persecute Israel by means of something which the Lord cannot bring upon us in the same manner; Yalk. ib. 208 אם מְשַׁעְבְּדִים אנו אותם באש וכ׳ if we destroy them through fire, their God can bring fire upon us &c.; בואו ונְשַׁעְבְּדֵם במים (not ונשתעבדם) come, let us destroy them through water; Yalk. Ps. 786; a. e.
    Hithpa. - הִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד,
    Nithpa. - נִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד 1) (with (with ל) to be subjugated, be the slave or subject of. Gitt. IV, 4 עבד … אם לשום עבד יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד וכ׳ a slave that was captured and redeemed, if he was redeemed as a slave, remains a slave; if as a freeman, he cannot be made a slave. Ib. 37ᵇ ישתעבד לרבו ראשון he is the slave of his first (original) master; לא ישתעבד … לרבו שני he is the slave neither of his first master, nor of his second master (his redeemer). Pesik. R. s. 15 במה … או שׁיִשְׁתַּעְבְּדו למלכיות which wilt thou choose? that thy children go down to Gehenna, or that they be subjected to successive empires? Sabb. 88ᵇ אמר … לפרעה הִשְׁתַּעְבַּדְתֶּם (Ms. M. נִשְׁתַּעְבַּדְתֶּם) he (Moses) said to them (the angels), did you go down to Egypt? have you been slaves to Pharaoh? Midr. Till. to Ps. LXXVIII, 32 (insert from Yalk. ib. 819) זה יעקב … שאילו עלה לא ירד עוד ולא היה לנו להִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד שיעבוד זה שאנו משועבדין (v. ed. Bub.) this refers to Jacob …, for if he had gone up, he would not have gone down again, and we should not have to suffer the servitude to which we are now subjected; a. fr. —2) (with ב) to use as slave, enslave. Pes. 118ᵇ מה הללו שנִשְׁתַּעְבְּדוּ בהן כך אני שלא נִשְׁתַּעְבַּדְתִּי וכ׳ if they (the Egyptians) who treated them as slaves, fare thus, I (Cush) who did not enslave them &c. Gitt. 40ᵃ פלונית … אל ישתעבדו בה וכ׳ that handmaid of mine, they (my heirs) shall not treat her as a slave after my death. Keth. 111ᵃ השביע … שלא ישתעבדו בהן וכ׳ the Lord adjured the nations not to oppress Israel too hard. Men. 53ᵇ; Yalk. Jer. 289 [read:] ישתעבדו בהם ארבע מלכיות וכ׳ (v. Rabb. D. S. to Men. l. c., note) four successive empires shall treat them as slaves, each as long &c.; a. fr.—[Yalk. Ex. 208, v. supra.]