רָשׁוּת II , f. (רָשָׁה) 1) power, authority, control. Ned. X, 2, v. רוֹקֵן. Gen. R. s. 67 ששה … ברְשׁוּתוֹ שלשה אינן ברשותו six things (organs) serve man, three of which are under his control, and three are not; העין … ורשותו וכ׳ the eye, the ear, and the nose are not under his control &c. Bets. V, 2 משום ר׳ as an exercise of authority (judging, betrothal &c.; differ. interpret. in comment.); a. fr.—Esp. secular government, (mostly) the Roman government in Palestine, Roman officials, Roman party. Ab. I, 10, v. יָדַע. Ib. II, 3, v. זָהִיר. Sabb. 11ᵃ, v. חָלָל III. Ab. Zar. 17ᵃ (ref. to Prov. XXX, 15) קול שתי בנות … ומאי נינהי מינות והר׳ Ms. M. the voice of two daughters that cry from Gehenna, and say in this world, ‘bring, bring’; and who are they? Heresy and Government. Makhsh. II, 5 אם יש בה ר׳ if it is the residence of Roman officials (for whom the baths are always kept in readiness). Yoma 86ᵇ והר׳ מקברת וכ׳ and high office buries its occupant (causes premature death). Erub. 41ᵇ שלשה אין רואין … חולי מעיין והר׳ three persons shall not see Gehenna (expiate their sins in this world): those who suffer from extreme poverty, from bowel diseases, and from governmental exactions (Rashi: from creditors). Y. Snh. VI, 23ᵈ sq. ר׳ של מטן the earthly government; ר׳ של מעלן the divine government; a. fr.—Pl. רְשׁוּיוֹת. Ḥag. 15ᵃ שמא … שתי ר׳ הן are there, God forbid! two powers (governing the universe)? Gen. R. s. 1 (ref. to ברא, Gen. I, 1) אין כל … שתי ר׳ וכ׳ none can say, two powers created the world (the verb ברא being in the singular) &c. Ber. 33ᵇ דמיחזי כשתי ר׳ (saying מודים twice) has the appearance of a belief in a duality; a. e. —2) (trad. pronunc. רְשׁוּת) dominion, domain, territory. B. Kam. I, 2 ר׳ המיוחדת למזיק a territory exclusively belonging to the owner of the animal that did the damage; ר׳ הניזק והמזיק a space belonging to both owners. Ib. 13ᵇ (in Chald. dict.) תורך ברְשׁוּתִי מאי בעי what had thy ox to do in my ground. Ib. 81ᵃ; Taan. 6ᵇ שבילי הר׳ the paths (short cuts) through private property. B. Mets. 5ᵇ משביעין אותו שבועה שאינו ברשותו we make him swear that it is not in his possession; a. v. fr.—ר׳ היחיד (abbrev. רהי֞) private ground; ר׳ הרבים (abbrev. רהר֞, רה֞) public road. Sabb. 6ᵃ; a. v. fr.—Ib. 9ᵃ הרי זו ר׳ לעצמה this forms a territory for itself (with regard to Sabbath movements). Ib. VII, 2 המוציא מר׳ לר׳ he who carries things (on the Sabbath) from one territory to another; a. fr.—Pl. as ab. Ib. 6ᵃ ארבע ר׳ לשבת וכ׳ there are four classes of territories with regard to Sabbath laws &c.; Tosef. ib. I, 1. Ib. 6; Sabb. l. c. אסקופה … שתי ר׳ the threshold stands for two territories; when the door is open, it is classified with the interior &c. Ib. 9ᵃ כל … מוצא שתי ר׳ וכ׳ wherever you find two territories belonging to the same class; a. fr.—Y. Kidd. III, 64ᶜ top; Y. Ned. VIII, 40ᵈ bot. (ref. to R. Jose’s opinions Kidd. III, 9, a. Ned. VIII, 2) תמן הוא אמר עד שיצאו כל הרשויות הגדולות עד שיצאו כל הר׳ הקטנות וכ׳ there, he says, the terms, ‘the oldest’, ‘the youngest’, tend to exclude all the older daughters, and all the younger daughters respectively (so that only the oldest of the daughters of his first wife, and respectively the youngest of the daughters of his second wife are meant), and here he says so (that the widest scope is adopted)? —3) permission, option; optional act. Ber. 28ᵃ וניתנה להם ר׳ וכ׳ and permission to enter was given to the students. Ab. III, 15, v. צָפָה. Ḥull. 141ᵃ לדבר הר׳, v. מִצְוָה. Ib. 106ᵃ, v. מִצְוָה. Ber. 27ᵇ, v. חוֹבָה. M. Kat. III, 3 אגרות של ר׳, v. שְׁאִילָה; a. fr.—נטילת ר׳ taking leave of absence, parting, at which a religious remark was customary. Lev. R. s. 17 עביד להו נ׳ ר made these verses the text for leave-taking (cmp. אַפְטַרְתָּא). Y. Ber. II, 5ᶜ bot. ההיא מילתא … הוה נ׳ ר׳ דידיה that remark … was his leave-taking.—[ 4) (cmp. רַשַּׁאי 2) debt, loan, creditor’s claim. Erub. 41ᵇ, v. supra.]