קָדַם (b. h.) [to bend, go forward,] to advance, precede; to anticipate. Y. Meg. III, 74ᵃ bot. צפה … מוטב שיִקְדּוֹם … לכספו וכ׳ the Lord foresaw that Haman the wicked would weigh his silver for Israel’s destruction (Esth. III, 9), and he said, it is better that my children’s silver (the half-Shekel, Ex. XXX, 11 sq.) anticipate Haman’s silver (to act as a protection from evil designs); ib. I, 70ᵈ bot. שיַּקְדִּים (Hif.). Sifra Vayiḳra, Ḥob., Par. 3, ch. V, v. infra. Gen. R. s. 1 ששה דברים קָדְמוּ וכ׳ six things preceded the creation of the world. Ib. איני יודע איזה מהן קוֹדֵם אם התורה קָדְמָה וכ׳ I know not yet, which of them was first, whether the Torah was created before the throne of glory &c. Ib. התורה קדמה וכ׳, v. קְרִימָה. Ḥull. 100ᵃ, sq. ק׳ וסלקו he removed it first (before putting in other pieces). Snh. 38ᵃ; Lev. R. s. 14, beg. יתוש קְדָמְךָ, v. יַתּוּשׁ. B. Mets. II, 11 אבדתו … אבדתו קוֹדֶמֶת if a man’s own loss and his father’s loss are to be attended to, his own has the precedence; ib. שלו קודמת (Bab. ed. 33ᵃ קודם). Ab. III, 9 כל … קודמת לחכמתו וכ׳ he to whom fear of sin comes before his learning, his learning will endure. Y. Ned. IX, 42ᶜ bot. חיי העיר הזאת קוֹדְמִין וכ׳ the supply of provisions for the people of one’s own town has the precedence over &c. Kel. XXV, 4, v. כַּתְּ; a. fr.
    [. - נִקְדָּם , Taan. 20ᵃ נקדמה, v. נָקַד I .]
    Pi. - קִדֵּם to get the start of. Y. Taan. I, end, 64ᵈ שלא יְקַדְּמֶנּוּ אחר lest another man get ahead of him (in proposing to a woman he desires to marry); Y. Bets. V, 63ᵃ bot. Sifré Deut. 34 לא קִידְּמוּם מצוות וכ׳ no other commands were promulgated before them; a. fr.
    Hif. - הִקְדִּים 1) to advance; to do first; to anticipate, provide against. Y. Meg. l. c. לפיכך מַקְדִּימִין וקירין וכ׳ therefore we read the section of Sh’ḳalim first (before the first of Adar, and before the Sabbath Zakhor); Bab. ib. 13ᵇ לפיכך ה׳ שקליהן וכ׳ therefore the Lord ordered their Shekels in anticipation of his (Haman’s) Shekels, v. supra. Ib. 30ᵃ מקדימין לשבת שעברה we read it the Sabbath before, opp. מאחרין. Ib. when Purim falls on a Friday, מקדימין פרשת זכור we read the section Zakhor on the Sabbath previous. Y. Sot. VIII, 22ᵈ bot. ה׳ לו שכרי if he paid the builder in advance. Zeb. 106ᵃ (ref. to Lev. IV, 12) שיהא שם דשן שיַקְדִּים לשם דשן this means that ashes must be there, that he must first have put ashes there; Sifra Vayikra l. c. שׁיִקְדּו̇ם; a. fr.—ה׳ שלום to salute first. Ber. 6ᵇ כל שיודע … יקדים לו שלום he who knows his neighbor to be in the habit of greeting him, should salute him first. Ib. 17ᵃ לא הִקְדִּימוֹ אדם וכ׳ never was a man the first in saluting him, not even a stranger &c. Ex. R. s. 23 באו … להַקְדִּים שירה the angels came wanting to be the first to offer song; יַקְדִּימוּ בני תחלה let my children be the first; a. v. fr.—Part. pass. מוּקְדָּם; f. מוּקְדֶּמֶת; pl. מוּקְדָּמִים &c. Pes. 6ᵇ, a. fr. אין מ׳ ומאוחר וכ׳, v. אָחַר. Shebi. X, 5, v. פְּרוֹזְבּוּל. Ib. שטרי חוב המ׳ antedated notes of indebtedness. M. Mets. V, 10 נתן עיניו … זו היא רבית מ׳ if he intends to borrow money, and he sends his neighbor a gift and says, ‘in order to make thee inclined to lend me money’,—this is interest paid in advance; a. fr.—2) to be early, zealous. Naz. 23ᵇ, a. e. לעולם יקדים אדם לדבר וכ׳ man should always be anxious to do a good deed as early as possible. Pes. 4ᵃ, a. e. מקדימין וכ׳, v. זָרִיז; a. fr.—[Y. Erub. V, 22ᵈ top שמקדימין העליון, read: שמקדירין or שמקדרין, v. קָדַר I.]