כפי, to bend over, invert, turn upside down. Tam. V, 5 היה כּוֹפֶה עליהן וכ׳ he inverts a large vessel and puts it over them (the coals). Ib. כּוֹפִין אותה וכ׳ they invert it over &c. Pesik. Ekhah, p. 123ᵃ כ׳ סיח את המנורה the ass (of gold, given as a bribe to the judge) has upset the lamp (offered on the other side; whence a proverbial expression for litigants outbidding each other in bribery); Y. Yoma I, 38ᶜ bot.; Lev. R. s. 21; Pesik. Aḥăré, p. 177ᵃ.—Esp. כ׳ את המיטהto upset the couch, to place the mattresses on or near the floor, as a sign of mourning, opp. to זָקַף. M. Kat. 15ᵇ top [euphemistic version, read with Ms. M.:] דמות … בכם ובעונותיכם … כְּפוּ מיטותיכן וכ׳ I (the Lord) had placed my image among you, and for your sins I upset it (decreed death), upset now your beds; Y. Ber. III, 6ᵃ top; Y. M. Kat. III, 83ᵃ top כְּפֵה מיטתך. Ib. כבר כְּפִינוּם we have already lowered them (the couches); Y. Ber. III, 5ᵈ bot. כפיטם (corr. acc.). Keth. 4ᵇ כּוֹפֶה מיטתו he lowers his couch (when his wife is in mourning); כּוֹפָה מיטתה she lowers &c. (when her husband is in mourning); a. fr.—Part. pass. כָּפוּי, f. כְּפוּיָה, pl. כְּפוּיִים, כְּפוּיוֹת. Tosef. Ohol. XII, 2 סאה כ׳ על פיה a dry measure turned upside down. Lam. R. introd. (R. Ḥăn. 3) (play on כפי המלח, v. כַּף) כְּפוּיֵי מלחמה those upset by war. Y. Ber. III, 6ᵃ top מטה כ׳ a lowered couch; a. fr.—Esp. כְּפוּי טובהone on whom kindness is upset, ungrateful, unappreciative. Ab. Zar. 5ᵃ כפויי טובה בני וכ׳ you ungrateful ones, sons of ungrateful ones. Lev. R. s. 4; a. fr.
כפי, to press, force. Keth. V, 5 כּוֹפָהּ לעשות וכ׳ he may compel her to work in wool. Yeb. 106ᵃ, a. fr. כּוֹפִין אותו עד וכ׳ the court uses means of coercion, until he says ‘I will’, opp. to בעל כרחו. Sot. 46ᵇ כ׳ ללויה we force a host to escort (protect) his guest on parting. B. Bath. 12ᵇ כגון זו כ׳ על מדת סדום in such a case we apply force on the ground of the law of equity (v. סְדוֹם). Y. Peah I, 15ᵈ; Y. Kidd. I, 61ᶜ top וכוֹפִין do we compel (a son to support his father)? Ib. כופין את הבן we do compel &c.—R. Hash. 28ᵃ כְּפָאוֹ ואכל וכ׳ if somebody forced him, and he ate Matsah (on the first Passover night). Ib. כ׳ שד a demon possessed him. Ib. כְּפָאוּהוּ פרסיים Persians (gentiles) forced him; a. fr.—[Snh. 70ᵇ כפאתו, v. כָּפַת.]—V. כּוּף I a. כָּפַף.
