כָּבַשׁ (b. h.; cmp. כָּבַס) 1) to press, squeeze. Ohol. VIII, 5 כ׳ את האבן וכ׳ if one pressed a stone on (weighted) the sheet. Bets. 23ᵇ שהיא כּוֹבֶשֶׁת because it (the wagon) presses (the ground) down. Sabb. XX, 5 לא כוֹבְשִׁין you must not screw down, v. מַכְבֵּשׁ; a. fr.—Part. pass. כָּבוּשׁ, f. כְּבוּשָׁה pressed, compressed; pressing. Ib. 135ᵃ; Tosef. ib. XV (XVI), 9; a. e. ערלה כ׳ היא the foreskin (which seems to be wanting) is pressed (to the membrum). Tosef. Ohol. IX, 4 כאילו אבנים כְּבוּשׁוֹת וכ׳ as if stones were placed tightly upon them. Ex. R. s. 15 ההר … כְּבוּשִׁין על וכ׳ a mountain on each side pressing upon (preventing the run of) the springs; a. fr. —2) כ׳ פנים (בקרקע) to press the face into the ground, to hide one’s self in fear or shame. Snh. 19ᵇ כָּבְשׁוּ פניהם בקרקע they cast their looks down (were afraid to give an opinion). Y. ib. X, 27ᵈ (ref. to Is. VII, 3) א"ת כובס אלא כּוֹבֵשׁ שהיה כובש פניו וכ׳ read not kobes, but kobesh, for he hid his face and fled before him; (Bab. ib. 104ᵃ דכבשינהו לאפי Chald.).—3) to press vegetables, meat &c.; to preserve, pickle. Toh. II, 1 האשה … כּוֹבֶשֶׁת וכ׳ if a woman was pressing vegetables in a pot. Ukts. II, 1 זתים שכְּבָשָׁן וכ׳ olives which one pressed with their leaves; a. fr.—Part. pass. כָּבוּשׁ preserved substance, pickle. Ḥull. 97ᵇ, a. fr. כ׳ הרי הוא כמבושל preserved substances are in ritual law like cooked.—Pl. כְּבוּשִׁין. Pes. II, 6. Y. Sabb. I, 3ᶜ bot. כְּבוּשֵׁיהֶן preserves made by gentiles; a. fr. —4) Trnsf. to store, hide. Ḥag. 13ᵃ (ref. to Prov. XXVII, 26) א"ת כבשים אלא כְּבוּשִׁים Ms. M. (missing in ed.; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) read not K’basim (sheep) but K’bushim (hidden things), v. כִּבְשָׁן; Yalk. Prov. 961.—Sot. 10ᵇ; Macc. 23ᵇ (ref. to Gen. XXXVIII, 25) יצאת … ממני יצאו כבושים a divine voice went forth and said, ‘from me went forth the secret things’ (I declare that Judah is the father of Tamar’s children; Ar.: ממני היו הדברים כ׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 6); Yalk. Gen. 145; Yalk.Sam. 112., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 6); Yalk. Gen. 145; Yalk.Sam. 112. to detain (cmp. עצר). Pesik. Bayom, p. 193ᵇ; כָּבְשָׁה אותם מטרונא וכ׳ the matron detained them one day longer; כבשה אותן התורה וכ׳ the Law detained them one day longer (before the Lord); ib. 195ᵃ, sq.; Pesik. R. suppl., s. 4. Gen. R. s. 8, end האיש כּוֹבֵשׁ וכ׳ the man detains his wife from going out; a. e. —6) to suppress, restrain, conquer. Snh. XI, 5 (89ᵃ) הכּוֹבֵש את נבואתו (a prophet) who suppresses his prophecy (being afraid to proclaim it). Ab. IV, 1 הכיבש את יצרו who conquers his passion. Lam. R. to V, 1 כובש את הגדול (not כביש), v. זַרְזִיר I. Y. Succ. V, 55ᵇ top עד שאתה מְכַבֵּשׁ … בוא וכְבוֹש וכ׳ instead of conquering the barbarians, come and subdue the Jews; Lam. R. to I, 16; ib. to IV, 19. Ex. R. s. 25 הוא כוֹבְשׁוֹ וכ׳ he suppresses (withholds the evidence) and does not produce it.—כ׳ עון to suppress guilt, to forgive, cause forgiveness. Pesik. Eth Korb., p. 61ᵇ; Pesik. R. s. 16, v. כֶּבֶשׁ; a. fr. —7) to violate. Esth. R. to VII, 7 [read:] הרי הוא כּוֹבְשֵׁנִי וכ׳ behold, he is attacking me in thy presence. —8) to pave, grade a road.—Part. pass. כָּבוּשׁ, f. כְּבוּשָׁה. Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 20 דרך כ׳ a graded road; ib. ed. Bub. 47; Yalk. Num. 764. [Pirké d’R. El. ch. LII כובשים במזלות, read with Yalk. Josh. 22: חושבים; Yalk. Gen. 77 רוגשים.]
    Pi. - כִּיבֵּשׁ 1) to press, squeeze.—Part. pass. מְכוּבָּשׁ, pl. מְכוּבָּשִׁים. Tosef. Mikv. VI (VII), 17 לכלוכי צואה … המ׳ (ed. Zuck. והמכושים, corr. acc.) secretory substances … which are compressed, i.e. dried up by being sat upon. —2) (cmp. סָלַל II) to press down, make even, grade. Bets. IV, 5 מְכַבְּשִׁין you may press the ashes down (make a graded surface for baking); a. e.—Trnsf. to level, make plain. Cant. R. to I, 2 (play on כבשים, Prov. XXVIII, 26, v. כֶּבֶשׁ) … כְּבָשִׁים … תהי׳ מְכַבֵּשׁ לפניהם וכ׳ it may be read K’bashim (grades), as long as thy pupils are young, make the words of the Law plain before them; when they are older reveal to them the secrets (reasons) of the Law; Yalk. ib. 985 הֱיֵה כוֹבֵשׁ לפניהם (another expl., v. infra).—כ׳ את הריחיים [to carve steps for the grain,] to put the millstones in working order. M. Kat. I, 9; expl. ib. 10ᵃ to sharpen the millstones (v. נָקַר I), (oth. opin.) to cut the hole out for the hopper. —3) (interch. with Kal) to conquer, defeat. Y. Peah VII, 20ᶜ top שבע שכִּיבְּשׁוּ seven years during which they were engaged in conquering the land; Ḥull. 17ᵃ שכבשו. Sifré Deut. 51 לכַבֵּש ח"ל עד שלא יְכַבְּשׁוּ וכ׳ to conquer foreign land before they shall have conquered Palestine. Pes. 5ᵇ נכרי שכִּיבַּשְׁתּוֹ a gentile who is in thy power. Yeb. 65ᵇ (ref. to וכבשה, Gen. I, 28) איש דרכו לכַבֵּשׁ וכ׳ it is man who conquers (the earth) but not woman; Kidd. 35ᵃ; a. fr. —4) to suppress, withhold. Cant. R. l. c. תהי׳ מכבש לפניהם וכ׳ withhold from them, i.e. teach them merely the words of the Law without arguments; (another expl., v. supra). —5) (denom. of כֶּבֶשׁ) to storm, climb over. Tosef. Sot. VI, 6 מכבש את הגנות וכ׳ climbing over the garden fences and violating the women; Gen. R. s. 53; Yalk. Gen. 94 מַכְבִּישׁ Hif.
    Nif. - נִכְבַּשׁ 1) to be pressed down, suppressed. Pesik. Eth. Korb. p. 61ᵇ כל דבר שהוא נ׳ סופו לצוף whatever is pressed down, is liable to come to the surface again; Pesik. R. s. 16. —2) to be submissive. Midr. Till. to Ps. XXX, end when scholars sit down ונִכְבָּשִׁין אלו לאלו and are submissive (respectful) to one another; (Sabb. 63ᵃ ונוחין). —3) to have surreptitious intercourse. Sifra Emor, Par. 6, ch. V נ׳ עם; Yeb. VII, 5 נ׳ על.
    Hif. - הִכְבִּישׁ to climb, v. supra.
    Hithpa. - הִתְכַּבֵּשׁ,
    Nithpa. - נִתְכַּבֵּשׁ to be conquered, be taken. Y. Shebi. VI, 36ᶜ bot. כמי שנִתְכַּבְּשׁוּ they are to be treated as if they had been subdued (in the days of Joshua). Ib. שמא נִתְכַּבְּשָׁה מד"ת perhaps it was to be taken by the command of the Law; Y. Yeb. VII, 8ᵃ bot. (corr. acc.). Ex. R. s. 18 עכשיו … מִתְכַּבֶּשֶׁת בידו just now Jerusalem may be taken by him (Sennacherib). [Pesik. Zutr., Ekeb, ed. Bub. p. 30 מתכבשים, מתכבשות, v. כָּתַשׁ.]