קְשֵׁי, קְשֵׁה, קְשָׁא ch. same 1) to be hard, difficult. Targ. Deut. I, 17. Ib. XV, 18; a. e.—Yoma 28ᵇ קָשׁוּ משמשא are harder (on the eye) &c., v. שַׁבְרִירֵי; a. fr. —2) to find a thing difficult to understand, to object, argue against, dispute. Y. Ter. V, 43ᶜ bot. ר׳ סימון קַשְׁיְיתָהּ … קיימה R. Simon argued against it (refuted it), but R. Ba. … proved it to be correct. Y. Kidd. III, 64ᶜ top [read:] לא כבר קְשׁוּנְתָּהּ הרי עולם לא כבר קַשְׁיְתָהּ וכ׳ have not mountains of the world (great scholars) disputed it? did not R. El. dispute it in the presence of &c.; Y. Ned. VIII, 40ᵈ sq. (corr. acc.). B. Kam. 66ᵇ האי מילתא ק׳ בה רבה לרב וכ׳ Rabbah argued this difficulty before R. Joseph for twenty-two years, and it was not solved; Keth. 42ᵇ האי … קְשָׁאֵי רבה ורב וכ׳ Rabbah and R. Joseph discussed this difficulty &c.—Part. קָשֵׁי; f. קַשְׁיָא, q. v. —3) to get old, v. קְשַׁשׁ II.
    Pa. - קַשֵּׁי 1) to be in pain of travailing. Targ. Gen. XXXV, 17 בקַשָּׁיוּתָהּ (not בקַשְׁיוּ׳). Targ. O. ib. 16 (Y. II Ithpa.). —2) to perplex. Pes. 78ᵇ מתניתן קַשִּׁיתֵיה וכ׳ the Mishnah perplexed him; why does it read &c.
    Af. - אַקְשֵׁי, אַקְשֵׁה 1) to harden, make difficult. Targ. Ex. VII, 3. Targ. II Kings II, 10. Targ. I Kings XII, 4. Targ. Ps. XCV, 8; a. fr. —2) to be hard on, press heavily. Cant. R. to II, 16 כד הוה צערא קשי עלוי … וכד הוה מַקְשֵׁי וכ׳ when his suffering was severe, he said, God the faithful, but when it was severer on him than necessary &c. —3) to argue against, object, dispute. Targ. Job VI, 6 Ms. Var. מדלית מַקְשׁה עליה when there is none to dispute it.—Yeb. 77ᵃ top א׳ להו דואג כל הני קושייתא Doeg brought up before them all those arguments. Y. Yoma I, 38ᵈ bot. עד דאת מַקְשֵׁי … קְשַׁיְיתָהּ על וכ׳ (not קשייתא) instead of offering objection against R. J., rather offer it against &c.; a. v. fr.
    Ithpa. - אִתְקֵשֵּׁי,
    Ithpe. - אִיקְּשֵׁי 1) to be in pain of travailing. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XXXV, 16, v. supra. —2) to be difficult, perplexing. Yeb. 40ᵃ ומִיקְּשֵׁה היא דאיקשי לך וכ׳ (Rashi דקשיא) it was perplexing to thee, and thou didst reverse it.