עני ², עני, עָנָה II (b. h.; cmp. אָנָה) to press, be pressed; to be detained.
    Pi. - עִינָּה 1) to detain, postpone, esp. ע׳ דין to delay execution of capital judgment (which should take place on the day of sentence). Snh. XI, 4 (89ᵃ) אין מְעַנִּין את דינו של וכ׳ we must not put off his execution (opp. to the opinion משמרין אותו). Ib. 35ᵃ וליגמריה … נמצא אתה מְעַנֶּה את דינו shall we pass sentence on Friday and put him to death on Sunday? In such a case you would postpone his execution (against the law); v. עִינּוּי II. —2) to cause privation; to cause to fast. Yoma 77ᵇ (ref. to ויענה, Gen. XXXIV, 2) התם שעִינָּהּ מביאות וכ׳ this may be interpreted, that he deprived her of other connections. Ib. VIII, 4 התינוקות אין מענין אותן וכ׳ we must not let children fast on the Day of Atonement, v. חָנַךְ; a. e.—Part. pass. מְעוּנֶּה fasting. Tosef. Taan. II, 7; Erub. 41ᵃ כדי שלא יכנס לשבת כשהוא מע׳ that he may not begin the Sabbath fasting; Tanḥ. B’resh. 2.– 3) to afflict, oppress, wrong. Mekh. Mishp., s. 18 (ref. to Ex. XXII, 22) עד שיְעַנֶּה וישנה until he practices oppression repeatedly; a. e.—Part. pass. מְעוּנֶּה; pl. מְעוּנִּין. Yeb. 48ᵇ מפני מה גרים בזמן הזה מע׳ וכ׳ why are the proselytes of our days afflicted and subject to suffering? —4) to violate, outrage. Num. R. s. 9 (ref. to Mic. II, 9) שהיו מְעַנִּים נשי וכ׳ they violated married women and caused them to be forbidden to their husbands. Lev. R. s. 19; a. fr.—Mekh. l. c.; Yalk. Ex. 349 אם כשלא תְעַנּוּן את הדין וכ׳ if your wives will be spared from widowhood and your children from bereavement, because you do not violate justice, how much more, when you execute justice.
    Nif. - נַעֲנֶה 1) to be afflicted, oppressed. Mekh. l. c. אלמנה … שדרכן לֵעָנוֹת בהן וכ׳ widows and orphans who are liable to be oppressed,—of them the text speaks (Ex. XXII, 21); Yalk. l. c. שדרכן לֵיעָנוֹת (not שדרכו). —2) to humble one’s self; to submit to a person’s discretion, beg pardon. Ber. 28ᵃ נַעֲנֵיתִי לך מחול לי I submit myself to thee, forgive me. Pesik. R. s. 38 נעניתי לו I beg his pardon. Yoma 22ᵇ נעניתי לכם עצמות וכ׳ I beg your pardon, bones of Saul!; Yalk. Sam. 117 נעניתי לך שאול וכ׳. Keth. 67ᵇ נעניתי לך קום אכול I beg of thee, get up and eat. Tosef. Ohol. V, 12 נמיתי לכם עצמות וכ׳ ed. Zuck. (oth. ed. נמתי, read נעניתי) I beg your pardon, bones of &c.
    Hithpa. - הִתְעַנֶּה,
    Nithpa. - נִתְעַנֶּה 1) to be afflicted, suffer. Sifré Deut. 130 שנִתְעַנּוּ, v. עִינּוּי II. —2) to afflict one’s self, to fast. Ber. 8ᵇ (ref. to Lev. XXIII, 32) וכי בתשעה מִתְעַנִּין do men fast on the ninth (of Tishri)? R. Hash. 18ᵇ אין גזרת … רצו מתענין when there is no political persecution, but no peace, those who wish may fast &c. Erub. 41ᵃ והִתְעַנִּינוּ בו ולא וכ׳ we fasted, but not to the end of the day; a. fr.
    Hif. - הֶעֱנִי (denom. of עָנִי) to become poor. Keth. VI, 6. Ber. 33ᵃ חזרו והֶעֱנוּ when they (the Jews) became poor again. Meïl. 17ᵃ מי שיש לו אויב יַעֲנִי או יעשיר if one has an enemy, does one wish him to be poor or rich?; a. e.