דּוּגְמָא, דִּיגְמָא, דּוּגְמָה f. (δεῖγμα, cmp. παράδειγμα) 1) simile, illustration (cmp. מָשָׁל ל־, משל למה הדבר דומה). Cant. R., introd. עד … היתה ד׳ up to Solomon’s days the method of argument by illustration was unknown (in Hebrew literature). —2) show, exhibition, public appearance. Y. Hor. III, beg. 47ᵃ די׳ דידכו דמי וכ׳ (prob. to be read דמיא) your appearance resembles that of your Maker. Eduy. V, 6; Ber. 19ᵃ ד׳ השקוה it was for show that they made her drink, i.e. they merely pretended to give her the real ‘bitter waters’; [oth. opin. they performed the act on one who was, like themselves, a descendant of gentiles; Y. M. Kat. III, 81ᵈ דִּכְמָהּ השקוה, (a popular adaptation of our w.; v. דִּכְמָא), expl. דִּכְוָותָהּ something like it]. Midr. Sam. ch. XX (expl. תפקד לשלום, I Sam. XVII, 18) ד׳ דידהין how they look. —3) sample, example, token (corresp. to h. אוֹת). Ḥag. 16ᵃ (play on ד̇ג̇ול מ̇רבבה, Cant. V, 10) ד̇וג̇מ̇א הוא ברבבה שלו He is exemplified by His myriad (of angels), i.e. the Divine nature is recognized indirectly from the nature of His ministering messengers, v. Cant. R. to V, 9.—Keth. 28ᵇ קחו לכם ד׳ וכ׳ take a warning example &c. Taan. 23ᵃ ד׳ לדורות a sample (of great fertility) as a lesson for future generations. Sabb. 30ᵇ I will show thee דּוּגְמָתָן וכ׳ (Ms. M. דּוּגְמָתוֹ) the like thereof in this world.—Ib. 11ᵇ the dyer must not go out on the Sabbath בדו׳ שבצוארו (Ar. בדי׳ שבאזנו; Tosef. ib. I, 8 בדו׳ שבאזנו) with the sample of colors around his neck, v. אוֹת II.—Num. R. s. 6 (expl. Job XXXVI, 7 עיניו) ד׳ דידהו that which is like his own doing, i.e. some realization of his ideal, v. עֵינָא; Midr. Sam. ch. XXVIII דוגמה דידהון; Gen. R. s. 71 דוגמת דידיה (corr. acc.), v. next w.; a. fr.—Pl. דּוּגְמוֹת. B. Kam. 119ᵇ, v. אוֹת II (Var. Ms. דּוּגְמָאוֹת). [Our w., owing to its phonetic resemblance to דִּכְמָא, is inflected as though it were a native, whence the forms: דּוּגְמָה, דּוּגְמת, דוּגְמָת־, דּוּגְמוֹת, and even a Var. to Tosef. Sabb. I, 8 דִּגְמוֹ, as though fr. דֶּגֶם.]